The Sodium Potassium Pump Transports
2.16: Sodium-Potassium Pump
- Folio ID
- 6462
What is this incredible object?
Would it surprise y'all to learn that information technology is a human cell? The image represents an agile human nerve jail cell. How nerve cells function volition be the focus of another concept. However, active ship processes play a significant role in the office of these cells. Specifically, it is the sodium-potassium pump that is agile in the axons of these nervus cells.
The Sodium-Potassium Pump
Active ship is the energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes "uphill" - against a concentration gradient. To motility these molecules confronting their concentration slope, a carrier protein is needed. Carrier proteins can work with a concentration slope (during passive transport), but some carrier proteins tin can move solutes confronting the concentration gradient (from depression concentration to high concentration), with an input of free energy. In active transport, as carrier proteins are used to movement materials confronting their concentration gradient, these proteins are known as pumps. As in other types of cellular activities, ATP supplies the energy for most active send. One way ATP powers active transport is by transferring a phosphate group direct to a carrier protein. This may cause the carrier protein to change its shape, which moves the molecule or ion to the other side of the membrane. An example of this type of active transport system, as shown in Figure below, is the sodium-potassium pump, which exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions across the plasma membrane of animal cells.
The sodium-potassium pump system moves sodium and potassium ions against large concentration gradients. It moves two potassium ions into the cell where potassium levels are high, and pumps 3 sodium ions out of the prison cell and into the extracellular fluid.
As is shown in Figure above, three sodium ions bind with the protein pump inside the cell. The carrier protein then gets energy from ATP and changes shape. In doing so, it pumps the iii sodium ions out of the jail cell. At that point, 2 potassium ions from outside the cell demark to the protein pump. The potassium ions are then transported into the cell, and the procedure repeats. The sodium-potassium pump is establish in the plasma membrane of almost every homo cell and is common to all cellular life. It helps maintain cell potential and regulates cellular volume.
A more detailed look at the sodium-potassium pump is available at http://www.youtube.com/scout?five=C_H-ONQFjpQ (13:53) and http://world wide web.youtube.com/lookout?5=ye3rTjLCvAU (6:48).
The Electrochemical Gradient
The active transport of ions across the membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across the plasma membrane. The number of positively charged ions exterior the cell is greater than the number of positively charged ions in the cytosol. This results in a relatively negative charge on the inside of the membrane, and a positive charge on the outside. This difference in charges causes a voltage beyond the membrane. Voltage is electrical potential energy that is acquired past a separation of opposite charges, in this example across the membrane. The voltage beyond a membrane is called membrane potential. Membrane potential is very important for the conduction of electrical impulses along nerve cells.
Considering the within of the jail cell is negative compared to outside the cell, the membrane potential favors the movement of positively charged ions (cations) into the prison cell, and the movement of negative ions (anions) out of the cell. So, in that location are 2 forces that drive the diffusion of ions beyond the plasma membrane—a chemical force (the ions' concentration gradient), and an electrical force (the effect of the membrane potential on the ions' motility). These two forces working together are called an electrochemical gradient, and will be discussed in detail in "Nervus Cells" and "Nerve Impulses" concepts.
Summary
- Active send is the free energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions beyond membranes against a concentration slope.
- The sodium-potassium pump is an agile transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions.
Explore More
Use this resources to answer the questions that follow.
- The Sodium–Potassium Pump at http://sites.sinauer.com/neuroscience5e/animations04.02.html.
- Are in that location more sodium ions on the outside of cells or the within?
- Are there more potassium ions on the outside of cells or the within?
- Depict the role of ATP in active transport.
- What happens later on the pump is phosphorylated?
- What happens after dephosphorylation?
Review
- What is active send?
- What blazon of poly peptide is involved in agile ship?
- Describe how the sodium-potassium pump functions.
- What is the electrochemical gradient?
The Sodium Potassium Pump Transports,
Source: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book:_Introductory_Biology_%28CK-12%29/02:_Cell_Biology/2.16:_Sodium-Potassium_Pump
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